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    <subfield code="a">INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND ITS ENVIRONMENT   , Nature and Scope of International Business Growing relevance of international business; nature and dimensions of international business; types of international business; importance &#xA9;i international business.  An Overview of Business Environment Lvecls of environment; internal environment; external environment.  Environment of International Business  Easiness Environment and Strategic Decisions in International Business Economic Environment Nizure of the economy; the three worlds of Agriculture for development; region states international economic gap; structure of the =,-,nomy; economic policies; economic conditions; economic environment and business. Political and Regulatory Environment Emnomic roles of government; economic systems; new tribalism; international legal environment; international regulations. Demographic Environment Population size; falling birth rate and changing age structure; migration and ethnic aspects. Social/Cultural Environment Meaning of culture; organisation of culture; cultural adaptation; cultural shock; cultural conformity; cultural lag; cultural traits; cultural gcreotypes; religion; language; culture and organisational behaviour; some other social/cultural factors. Geographic Environment Summary  INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND AGREEMENTS Regional Economic Integration (Trade Blocs) Types of integration; theory of customs union; European union; Indo-EU trade; the Euro; other regional groupings; economic integration of developing countries. South-South Cooperation SAARC; SAPTA; Indo-Lanka Free Trade agreement. India's Recent Regional Cooperation Moves International Commodity Agreements Quota agreements; buffer stock agreements; bilateral/multilateral contacts; cartels; GSP and GSTP. Summary  . INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS  International Monetary Fund Primary purposes; organisation and management; resources; financing facilities and policies; technical assistance; Special Drawing Rights (SDRs); IMF and international liquidity. VI...rid Bank Purposes; guiding principles; lending programmes; International Development Association; World Bank assistance to India; an evaluation of IMF-World Bank; International Finance Corporation.Asian Development Bank UNC TAD UNIDO International Trade Centre  World Trade Organisation GATT The Uruguay Round; World Trade Organisation; the WTO agreements&#x2014;a bird's eye view; Salient features of UR agreement; GATS; TRIMs; TRIPs; IRPs and developing countries; Patents; dispute settlement; anti-dumping measures; an evaluation of UR agreement; evaluation of WTO; WTO and developing countries; UR agreement and India.  INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INVESTMENT THEORIES Trade Theories Mercantilism; Absolute Cost theory; Comparative Cost theory; Opportunity Cost theory; Factor Endowment Theory; complementary trade theories &#x2014; Stolper-Samuelson theorem; intra-industry trade; economies of scale; different tastes; technological gaps and product life cycles; availability and non-availability; trade in intermediate goods; non-traded goods; Dutch disease; transportation cost and international trade.  Investment Theories Theory of Capital Movements; Market Imperfections Theory; Internalisation Theory; Appropriability Theory; Location-specific Advantage Theory; Eclectic Theory; Other Theories.  INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND PAYMENTS  Government Influence on Trade Protectionism; tariff barriers; non-tariff barriers (NTBs); state trading. Foreign Trade Policy (Exim Policy) Promotional measures introduced by previous policies, Export promotion capital goods scheme, Evaluation, Regulation of foreign trade; export promotion; incentives; production assistance/facilities; marketing assistance; EPZs, EOUs, TPs &amp; SEZs; special economic zones (SEZs); export houses and trading houses; evaluation of export promotion measures. Global Trade in Merchandise Growth of international trade; distrib'Ution of global trade; composition of global trade Countertrade Forms of countertrade; reasons for the growth of countertrade; drawbacks.  Trade in Services Growing importance of services; major service traders; restrictions; LDCs vs. MDCs; Global Sourcing Offshoring of services. Global Trade and Developing Countries Degree of Dependence Independence; interdependence; dependence Balance of Payments Meaning; balance of trade and balance of payments; nature of balance of payments accounting; components of balance of payments; balance of payments disequilibrium; correction of balance of payments disequilibrium; financing of BoP deficit. Trade and BoP of India Comparative trade performance of India; Trends in major exports; Trends in major imports; direction of trade; service trade, balance of payments, Major problems of India's export sector. INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT  ,Types of Foreign Investment Significance of Foreign Investment FDI and production linkages; trade and investment. Factors Affecting International Investment Host country economic determinants. Growth and Dispersion of FDI Cross-border M&amp;As Foreign Investment in India The new policy; FII investments; Euro/ADR issues, mergers and acquisitions. Foreign Investment by Indian Companies Summary  MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS   Definition and Meaning Organisational Models Multinational corporation; international organisation model; global organisation model; transnational. Importance and Dominance of MNCs MNCs and international production; MNCs and international production; benefits of MNCs; problems; perspective. Code of Conduct  Multinationals in India  Transfer of Technology Levels of/channels of technology flow; methods of technology transfer; issues in transfer of technology; promotion and regulation. Summary  . GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS   Determinants/Indicators of Competitiveness Competitive Advantage of Nations Factor conditions; demand conditions; related and supporting industries; role of government and chance. Technology and Global Competitiveness IT revolution and business environment; role of innovation; technological leadership and followership; technology and competitive advantage; sources of technological dynamics; time lags in technology introduction/ absorption; appropriate technology and technology adaptation; impact of technology on globalisation Summary  , INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT   -Global Supply Chain Management Make or buy?; global sourcing; partnering/relationship marketing; international logistics. Partnering/Relationship Marketing International logistics. li Global Manufacturing Strategies Location strategy. Country Evaluation and Selection &#x2713; Market selection process; determinants of market selection. International Human Resource Management Factors affecting international HRM; staffing policy. ,,'International Negotiation Stages of negotiation; prerequisites for effective negotiation; cultural problems in international negotiations; government versus company strengths in negotiations. ternational Asset Protection Coercion and pressure; bilateral and multilateral agreements; insurance cover; protection of IPRs. Summary  '. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKE  International Monetary System The pre-Bretton Woods period; breakdown of the Bretton Woods System and emergence of managed floating; EMS, EU and Euro. Foreign Exchange Market "\..7 Functions of foreign exchange market; dealings on the foreign exchange market; spot and forward exchanges; futures; options; swap operations; arbitrage; determination of exchange rates; purchasing power parity theory; balance of payments theory; exchange control; exchange rate systems; exchange rate classifications; convertibility of the rupee; devaluation; international banking; offshore financial centres; Eurocurrency market. Exchange Rate of Indian Rupee: Policies and Trends Pegged exchange rate system (1971 to 1992) \.).: Ca Capital Account Convertibility dia's Forex Reserves Devaluation International Banking Offshore financial centres. Eurocurrency Market Meaning and scope; important features of the market; origin and growth; factors that contributed to the growth; an evaluation of the Euro dollar market.  Currency Exchange Risks and their Management Types of foreign exchange risks; strategies for managing foreign exchange rate risks.  Internationalisation of Stock Markets Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) Summary  . GLOBALISATION  MINI.180  Globalisation of World Economy &#x2713;Globalisation of Business Meaning and dimensions Features of Current Globalisation New markets; new actors; new rules and norms; new (faster and cheaper) tools of communication. 7 Stages of Globalisation 'Essential Conditions for Globalisation Foreign Market Entry Strategies A L. Exporting; licensing and franchising; contract manufacturing; management contracting; wholly owned manufacturing facilities; assembly operations; joint ventures; third country location; mergers and acquisitions; strategic alliance; countertrade. Pros and Cons of Globalisation Policy Options Globalisation of Indian Business .</subfield>
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